surgir — Portuguese conjugation

to arise, to emerge

Frequency#619Irregular

Indicative

Present (Presente) Irregular

The presente covers routines, states, and immediate future with adverbs like hoje or amanhã. One present form covers both English simple and progressive readings in most situations.

Ela estuda português todas as noites.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eusurjoI arise
tusurgesyou arise
vocêsurgeyou arise
ele/elasurgehe/she/it arises
nóssurgimoswe arise
vóssurgisyou (pl.) arise
vocêssurgemyou (pl.) arise
eles/elassurgemthey arise

Preterite (Pretérito perfeito simples) Regular

The pretérito perfeito simples is a sharp, completed past. In European Portuguese it is the standard story-telling past; Brazilian usage often prefers the compound form in speech while keeping the simple for narrative and writing.

Ontem escreveu a carta inteira de uma vez.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eusurgiI arose
tusurgisteyou arose
vocêsurgiuyou arose
ele/elasurgiuhe/she/it arose
nóssurgimoswe arose
vóssurgistesyou (pl.) arose
vocêssurgiramyou (pl.) arose
eles/elassurgiramthey arose

Imperfect (Pretérito imperfeito) Regular

The imperfeito describes past background, repeated actions, and how things used to be. Contrast it with the simple preterite for the “main event” line of a story.

Quando era criança, brincava na praia.

PronounPortuguese
eusurgia
tusurgias
vocêsurgia
ele/elasurgia
nóssurgíamos
vóssurgíeis
vocêssurgiam
eles/elassurgiam

Conditional (Condicional) Regular

The condicional is for polite offers, soft questions, and hypothetical “would” outcomes, and it often closes a se + imperfeito do subjuntivo chain in formal style.

Você poderia me explicar outra vez?

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eusurgiriaI would arise
tusurgiriasyou would arise
vocêsurgiriayou would arise
ele/elasurgiriahe/she/it would arise
nóssurgiríamoswe would arise
vóssurgiríeisyou (pl.) would arise
vocêssurgiriamyou (pl.) would arise
eles/elassurgiriamthey would arise

Future (Futuro do presente) Regular

The futuro do presente states future facts; in everyday conversation you will often hear ir + infinitive or even the present with a time adverb instead of the synthetic future.

Amanhã faremos a reunião mais cedo.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eusurgireiI will arise
tusurgirásyou will arise
vocêsurgiráyou will arise
ele/elasurgiráhe/she/it will arise
nóssurgiremoswe will arise
vóssurgireisyou (pl.) will arise
vocêssurgirãoyou (pl.) will arise
eles/elassurgirãothey will arise

Present perfect (Pretérito perfeito composto) Regular

The pretérito perfeito composto uses ter or haver plus the participle for a past that still touches the present or happens repeatedly up to now — a “have done” perfect with strong links to European norms.

Tenho pensado nisso há semanas.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutenho surgidoI have arisen
tutens surgidoyou have arisen
vocêtem surgidoyou have arisen
ele/elatem surgidohe/she/it has arisen
nóstemos surgidowe have arisen
vóstendes surgidoyou (pl.) have arisen
vocêstêm surgidoyou (pl.) have arisen
eles/elastêm surgidothey have arisen

Pluperfect (Mais-que-perfeito composto) Regular

The mais-que-perfeito composto is the pluperfect: an action was already finished before another past reference. It mirrors the English “had already”.

Já tinham saído quando chegámos.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
eutinha surgidoI had arisen
tutinhas surgidoyou had arisen
vocêtinha surgidoyou had arisen
ele/elatinha surgidohe/she/it had arisen
nóstínhamos surgidowe had arisen
vóstínheis surgidoyou (pl.) had arisen
vocêstinham surgidoyou (pl.) had arisen
eles/elastinham surgidothey had arisen

Conditional perfect (Condicional composto) Regular

The condicional composto expresses a counterfactual “would have” and appears with the right kind of if-clause in the subjunctive past for unreal conditions.

Teria aceite se tiveses avisado com antecedência.

PronounPortuguese
euteria surgido
tuterias surgido
vocêteria surgido
ele/elateria surgido
nósteríamos surgido
vósteríeis surgido
vocêsteriam surgido
eles/elasteriam surgido

Future perfect (Futuro composto) Regular

The futuro composto is the future-in-the-future: something will be finished before a later time. It is less frequent than the simple future but still useful for deadlines.

Até sexta, teremos lido tudo o relatório.

PronounPortugueseEnglish
euterei surgidoI will have arisen
tuterás surgidoyou will have arisen
vocêterá surgidoyou will have arisen
ele/elaterá surgidohe/she/it will have arisen
nósteremos surgidowe will have arisen
vóstereis surgidoyou (pl.) will have arisen
vocêsterão surgidoyou (pl.) will have arisen
eles/elasterão surgidothey will have arisen

Subjunctive

Present subjunctive (Conjuntivo presente) Regular

The present subjunctive appears after want, hope, fear, and impersonal triggers, and typically requires a new subject in the subordinate clause, just as in the other main Romance languages.

Espero que encontres o caminho fácil.

PronounPortuguese
eusurja
tusurjas
vocêsurja
ele/elasurja
nóssurjamos
vóssurjais
vocêssurjam
eles/elassurjam

Imperfect subjunctive (Conjuntivo pretérito imperf.) Regular

The imperfect subjunctive in se + subjunctive → condicional is the classic “if I were a rich man” line in European Portuguese, parallel to the Spanish -ra form.

Se tivesse mais tempo, aprenderia outro idioma.

PronounPortuguese
eusurgisse
tusurgisses
vocêsurgisse
ele/elasurgisse
nóssurgíssemos
vóssurgísseis
vocêssurgissem
eles/elassurgissem

Other forms

Imperative (affirmative) (Imperativo afirmativo) Regular

The affirmative imperative in Portuguese is built with tu, você, nós, vós, and vocês forms; Brazilian norms favour você/vocês with third-person present verb shapes.

Diga a verdade, por favor.

PronounPortuguese
tusurge
vocêsurja
ele/elasurja
nóssurjamos
vóssurgi
vocêssurjam
eles/elassurjam

Imperative (negative) (Imperativo negativo) Regular

Negative commands require não plus the present subjunctive for each person, which is a distinctive feature compared to other Romance systems that reuse present indicative in some slots.

Não falemos com pressa, está tudo calmo.

PronounPortuguese
tunão surjas
vocênão surja
ele/elanão surja
nósnão surjamos
vósnão surjais
vocêsnão surjam
eles/elasnão surjam