schreiben — German conjugation

to write

Frequency#35Irregular

Indicative

Present (Präsens) Irregular

Präsens is the default present for facts, habits, and near-future plans. German has no continuous aspect in the same way as English, so a single form often covers both “I work” and “I am working” when you add a time adverb or context.

Ich arbeite heute im Homeoffice.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschreibeI write
duschreibstyou write
er/sie/esschreibthe/she/it writes
wirschreibenwe write
ihrschreibtyou (pl.) write
sie/Sieschreibenthey write

Simple past (Präteritum) Irregular

Präteritum is a narrative past, common in print and in northern speech, while southern speakers lean on the perfect in conversation. sein and haben keep their Präteritum even when you otherwise avoid the preterite.

Er war müde, aber er hatte keinen Kaffee mehr.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichschriebI wrote
duschriebstyou wrote
er/sie/esschriebhe/she/it wrote
wirschriebenwe wrote
ihrschriebtyou (pl.) wrote
sie/Sieschriebenthey wrote

Present perfect (Perfekt) Irregular

The Perfekt is the everyday past for finished events: auxiliary haben or sein plus participle, with sein for most motion, coming/going, and some change-of-state verbs.

Wir sind rechtzeitig angekommen und haben gefeiert.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhabe geschriebenI have written
duhast geschriebenyou have written
er/sie/eshat geschriebenhe/she/it has written
wirhaben geschriebenwe have written
ihrhabt geschriebenyou (pl.) have written
sie/Siehaben geschriebenthey have written

Pluperfect (Plusquamperfekt) Irregular

The Plusquamperfekt is the pluperfect: it marks what had already completed before a later past episode in the same narrative.

Sie war schon gegangen, bevor er ankam.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichhatte geschriebenI had written
duhattest geschriebenyou had written
er/sie/eshatte geschriebenhe/she/it had written
wirhatten geschriebenwe had written
ihrhattet geschriebenyou (pl.) had written
sie/Siehatten geschriebenthey had written

Future I (Futur I) Irregular

Futur I is for predictions, firm promises, and also probability about the present in colloquial German. Everyday speech very often uses Präsens plus a time expression instead.

Morgen schneit es, sagt der Wetterbericht.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde schreibenI will write
duwirst schreibenyou will write
er/sie/eswird schreibenhe/she/it will write
wirwerden schreibenwe will write
ihrwerdet schreibenyou (pl.) will write
sie/Siewerden schreibenthey will write

Future II (Futur II) Irregular

Futur II (werden + participle + haben/sein) names an action that will be completed before a later time, and can also express a guess that something must already have happened.

Bis Freitag werde ich alles gepackt haben.

PronounGermanEnglish
ichwerde geschrieben habenI will have written
duwirst geschrieben habenyou will have written
er/sie/eswird geschrieben habenhe/she/it will have written
wirwerden geschrieben habenwe will have written
ihrwerdet geschrieben habenyou (pl.) will have written
sie/Siewerden geschrieben habenthey will have written

Subjunctive

Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) Irregular

Konjunktiv II is the mood for politeness, contrary-to-fact if-clauses, and reported views. In speech, würde + infinitive often stands in for rarer preterit-based forms.

Könnten Sie mir bitte helfen?

PronounGerman
ichschriebe
duschriebest
er/sie/esschriebe
wirschrieben
ihrschriebet
sie/Sieschrieben

Other forms

Imperative (Imperativ) Irregular

The imperative uses the du, ihr, and Sie forms of command; the informal du form drops the -st of the present for many strong verbs, and separable-prefix verbs place the prefix at the end.

Mach bitte schnell, der Zug fährt gleich ab.

PronounGerman
duschreibe
ihrschreibt